what is control flow statements in python?
Control flow statements in Python allow you to control the order in which statements are executed in a program. There are three main types of control flow statements in Python: conditional statements, loops, and function calls.
- Conditional statements: Conditional statements are used to execute code based on whether a certain condition is true or false. The main conditional statement in Python is the
if
statement, which is followed by a condition and a block of code to be executed if the condition is true. You can also useelif
andelse
statements to specify alternative blocks of code to be executed if the condition is false. For example:
pythonx = 5
if x > 0:
print("x is positive")
elif x < 0:
print("x is negative")
else:
print("x is zero")
- Loops: Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly. The two main types of loops in Python are the
for
loop and thewhile
loop. Afor
loop is used to iterate over a sequence of elements, while awhile
loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a certain condition is true. For example:
python# Using a for loop to iterate over a sequence
for i in range(5):
print(i)
# Using a while loop to repeatedly execute code
x = 0
while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1
- Function calls: Functions are used to encapsulate blocks of code that perform a specific task. You can define your own functions in Python using the
def
keyword, or you can use built-in functions from the Python standard library. To call a function, you simply specify its name followed by any arguments it requires (if any). For example:
python# Defining a function
def add_numbers(x, y):
return x + y
# Calling a function
result = add_numbers(5, 10)
print(result)
These are just a few examples of the control flow statements available in Python. By using these statements, you can create programs that are capable of making decisions, repeating tasks, and executing complex algorithms.
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